Shop by goal

  • Metabolic Signalling
  • GH-Axis Research
  • Muscle & IGF Research
  • Tissue and Cellular Models
  • Regenerative Research
  • Cellular Senescence Research
  • Cognitive Research
  • Multi-Compound Blends
  • Accessories
  • All compounds →
  • Popular compounds

  • BPC-157
  • TB-500
  • GHK-Cu
  • Retatrutide
  • Semaglutide
  • Ipamorelin
  • All bestsellers →
  • Research resources

  • Research Areas
  • Certificates of Analysis
  • Research Glossary
  • Compare Compounds
  • Peptide Guides
  • Delivery Guide
  • Track Order
  • Recently viewed

  • All peptide guides
  • Crypto Blog
  • How to Reconstitute
  • Reconstitution Calculator
  • How to Store
  • Research
  • Certificates of Analysis
  • Sign In
  • Create Account
  • My Account
  • My Orders
  • My Referrals
  • Log Out
  • Track Order
  • Refer a Friend
  • Follow us on Twitter/X
  • How-to guides

    Peptide Science

    Clear explainers of how peptides work. We cover signalling, study design and what peer-reviewed papers actually measure. Research use only.

    What you will find in this topic

  • What peptides are, in plain English.
  • How lab studies differ from clinic claims.
  • Key pathways researchers measure most often.
  • Links to deeper compound guides and COA literacy.
  • Start with the newest articles below, or open a cornerstone guide from the related topic chips.

    61 articles tagged “The Science”

    Retatrutide TRIUMPH-2 & TRIUMPH-3: Two More Positive Phase 3 Obesity Trials

    Eli Lilly reports positive results from two more retatrutide Phase 3 trials: TRIUMPH-2 (up to 20.8% weight loss and a 1.6% A1c drop in type 2 diabetes) and TRIUMPH-3 (22.6% in obesity with cardiovascular disease). The numbers, the doses, the safety picture and the Q1 2027 FDA filing plan. Research use only.

    Retatrutide vs tirzepatide: triple vs dual agonist, compared

    Triple (GIP/GLP-1/glucagon) vs dual (GIP/GLP-1) agonism, the Phase 2/3 weight-loss data (24.2% vs 22.5%), regulatory status and side-effect profiles. No head-to-head trial exists — cross-trial context only. Research use only.

    Retatrutide vs semaglutide: triple agonist vs GLP-1, compared

    Triple (GIP/GLP-1/glucagon) vs single GLP-1 agonism, the Phase 2/3 weight-loss data (24.2% vs 14.9%), regulatory status and side effects. No head-to-head trial exists — cross-trial context only. Research use only.

    GHK-Cu: injectable vs topical — how the two forms differ

    Surface-level cosmetic copper-peptide research vs subcutaneous wound-healing research: absorption, the skin-barrier difference, and which delivery route the research uses. Same molecule, different route. Research use only.

    How much bacteriostatic water to add to a peptide vial

    The water sets the concentration, not the amount of compound. The concentration = mass ÷ volume formula, a mixing chart for 5–20 mg vials, worked examples and the common mistakes to avoid. Research use only.

    How Research Peptides Are Made: From Lab Synthesis to Your Door

    The eight-stage journey a research peptide takes from solid-phase synthesis and HPLC purification through lyophilisation, QC, vial filling, third-party CoA verification, cold storage and shipping - and where resellers enter the chain. Research use only.

    Best Peptides for Weight Loss Research (2026): The GLP-1 Compounds Labs Actually Study

    The compounds that dominate weight-loss research - retatrutide (triple agonist), tirzepatide, semaglutide and cagrilintide, plus the GH-axis veteran tesamorelin and the HGH fragment AOD-9604. Ranked by mechanism and reported trial data, honest about what is approved versus investigational and where AOD-9604 fell short. Research use only.

    5-Amino-1MQ: NNMT-Inhibitor Research Guide (Fat Loss & NAD+ Longevity)

    Not actually a peptide - a small-molecule NNMT inhibitor studied for fat-cell metabolism, NAD+ and SAM preservation, and grip strength in obesity models. The mechanism, the entirely-preclinical evidence base (Neelakantan 2022, Babula 2024), the pharmacokinetics, storage, and how it differs from a peptide like MOTS-C. Research use only.

    Selank: Anxiolytic Nootropic Peptide Research Guide

    A tuftsin-derived heptapeptide (TKPRPGP) studied as a non-sedating anxiolytic - GABAergic modulation, BDNF elevation, and the Russian clinical study that compared it with the benzodiazepine medazepam. Mechanism, evidence, Selank vs Semax, and honest framing. Not FDA-approved; research use only.

    Hexarelin vs CJC-1295: GHSR/CD36 Potency vs GHRH-R Signalling

    Hexarelin and CJC-1295 are two ends of the same GH axis - the ghrelin-receptor/CD36 arm against the GHRH-receptor arm. Mechanism, half-life, desensitisation, DAC vs no-DAC, and why the literature co-studies them rather than ranking them. Research use only.

    Best Peptides for Muscle Growth Research (2026): The Compounds Labs Actually Study

    The peptides that dominate muscle-growth research - IGF-1 LR3, MGF/PEG-MGF, the GH-axis secretagogues (hexarelin, ipamorelin, CJC-1295, GHRP-2/6, sermorelin, tesamorelin) and the recovery pair BPC-157 + TB-500. Mechanism by mechanism, honest about the human-trial gap and the WADA reality. Research use only.

    Peptides and Menopause Research (2026): What the Literature Actually Studies

    An honest research-landscape map: there is no menopause treatment peptide, and menopause is a clinical matter for a doctor. Which research compounds appear in the broader midlife and hormonal-change research conversation - metabolic, skin/collagen, reproductive-axis - and where the evidence stops. Research use only; not medical advice.

    The Half-Life Arms Race: Why Peptides Are Engineered to Last

    Nearly every modern peptide program is, underneath, a half-life-engineering project - acylation, PEGylation, Fc fusion, once-weekly to once-monthly. A field map of that arms race, and the near-empty frontier it leaves behind: designing for rhythm, not duration. Research use only.

    Beyond GLP-1: Amylin, Glucagon, GIP and the Next Obesity Research Wave

    Obesity research has moved past GLP-1 alone. This hub maps the next-generation mechanisms - GIP agonism and antagonism, glucagon, and amylin - and the candidate landscape from tirzepatide and retatrutide to MariTide, CagriSema, survodutide, amycretin and petrelintide. Research use only.

    MariTide (Maridebart Cafraglutide): The Once-Monthly GLP-1/GIP Research Profile

    Amgen's once-monthly peptide-antibody conjugate pairs GLP-1 agonism with GIP antagonism - the unusual mechanism, the Phase 2 data (up to ~20%), and where it sits in the obesity pipeline. Research use only.

    CagriSema & Cagrilintide: The Amylin + GLP-1 Combo Explained

    Novo Nordisk's combination of cagrilintide (an amylin analogue) and semaglutide (a GLP-1 agonist) - the mechanism, the REDEFINE Phase 3 data (~20-23%), and why amylin is the next obesity-research mechanism. Research use only.

    Amycretin: Novo Nordisk's GLP-1 and Amylin Candidate Explained

    Novo Nordisk's investigational single-molecule GLP-1 and amylin receptor agonist in oral and injectable development - the science, the early data (~22% injectable at 36 weeks), and how it compares to CagriSema. Research use only.

    Survodutide: GLP-1, Glucagon and the MASH Opportunity

    Boehringer Ingelheim's investigational GLP-1 / glucagon dual agonist studied for obesity and MASH - the mechanism, the SYNCHRONIZE program, the ~16.6% Phase 3 weight loss, and the distinctive liver-fat angle. Research use only.

    Petrelintide: Zealand and Roche's Amylin Analogue Explained

    Zealand Pharma and Roche's investigational long-acting amylin analogue - the amylin-first obesity strategy, the Phase 2 data (~10.7% at week 42), and why an amylin-only approach matters. Research use only.

    Retatrutide Phase 3: The Triple-Hormone GLP-1 Story

    Retatrutide Phase 3 data was presented at the 2026 ADA Sessions. Here is a research-focused look at why triple-hormone agonists now lead the GLP-1 conversation.

    Monthly GLP-1 Research: Berobenatide and the Next Wave

    Pfizer presented berobenatide data on monthly GLP-1 dosing. Here is what long-acting metabolic research signals about adherence, tolerability and the pipeline.

    Beyond Weight Loss: The Next GLP-1 Battle

    The next phase of GLP-1 research is about tolerability, muscle preservation and long-term adherence, not just headline weight-loss percentages. A mature overview.

    Oral vs Injectable GLP-1 and Peptide Research

    Oral small-molecule GLP-1s and peptide-based injectables differ in manufacturing, storage and research models. A clear, high-level educational explainer.

    GHK-Cu for Hair Loss: Research Mechanism, Dosing, Results Timeline

    GHK-Cu copper peptide for hair loss: mechanism (collagen remodeling, DHT modulation, angiogenesis), pre-clinical evidence, dosing protocols, application methods, and research on hair follicle recovery.

    BPC-157: what the research actually says

    A research-first breakdown of the body protection compound - what BPC-157 is, the preclinical-only evidence base, the peptide-vs-steroid question, why recovery and hormonal claims overreach, and why purity and COAs matter.

    Tesamorelin: what it is and what the research shows

    The GHRH analogue mechanism, the narrow approved visceral-fat indication, how tesamorelin differs from recovery peptides, and where general fat-loss and longevity claims go too far.

    PT-141 (Bremelanotide): a research guide to the melanocortin agonist for sexual arousal

    PT-141 is an FDA-approved melanocortin-4 receptor agonist for hypoactive sexual desire disorder. How it works, clinical evidence from the DESIRE trials, nasal spray vs injection, comparison to Viagra/Cialis, dosage, side effects, and why the mechanism differs from phosphodiesterase inhibitors.

    FDA peptide review 2026: what the July meeting could mean for BPC-157, TB-500, Semax and Epitalon

    The FDA's Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee reviews BPC-157, KPV, TB-500, MOTS-c, Emideltide (DSIP), Semax and Epitalon on July 23-24, 2026 for potential 503A Bulks List inclusion. What the meeting means for research, regulation and accessibility - and why a compounding review is not an FDA approval.

    Is the FDA changing its position on peptides? What the July 2026 review really means

    A 503A compounding-list review is not a change of FDA position. What the July 23-24, 2026 Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee meeting really means for BPC-157, TB-500, Semax, Epitalon and peptide regulation.

    Semax, Epitalon and DSIP: why neuro-longevity peptides are part of the FDA's 2026 review

    On July 24, 2026 the FDA's compounding advisory committee discusses Semax, Epitalon and Emideltide (DSIP). What it could mean for neuro-longevity peptide research and compounding regulation - and why a review is not an approval or a clinical endorsement.

    Why peptides could become the next big mainstream health news story

    Peptides such as BPC-157, TB-500, Semax and Epitalon are moving from niche research circles into mainstream health news as the FDA prepares its July 2026 compounding review. Why it matters - and how to read the coverage responsibly, because a review is not an approval.

    Is BPC-157 FDA approved? The 2026 regulatory status, explained

    No - BPC-157 is not an FDA-approved drug. It has never completed a New Drug Application and is supplied as a research-use-only compound. The 2026 status, including the July 2026 503A compounding review, and why a review is not an approval.

    KPV peptide and the FDA: what the July 2026 review means

    KPV - the anti-inflammatory tripeptide (lysine-proline-valine) derived from alpha-MSH - is on the FDA's July 23, 2026 compounding agenda (evaluated uses: wound healing and inflammatory conditions). What KPV is, the research context, and why a review is not an approval.

    Is TB-500 FDA approved? The 2026 regulatory status, explained

    No - TB-500 is not an FDA-approved drug. It is a research-use-only peptide related to thymosin beta-4. The 2026 status, the July 2026 503A compounding review, the WADA sport ban, and why a review is not an approval.

    Is Semax FDA approved? The 2026 regulatory status, explained

    No - Semax is not FDA approved in the US (though it is a registered medicine in Russia). It is supplied as a research-use-only compound. The 2026 status, the July 2026 503A review, and why a review is not an approval.

    Is Epitalon FDA approved? The 2026 regulatory status, explained

    No - Epitalon (also spelled Epithalon) is not an FDA-approved drug; it is a research-use-only compound studied in longevity research. The 2026 status, the July 2026 503A review, and why a review is not an approval.

    FDA moves to end mass-compounded GLP-1s: what the 503B proposal means

    In April 2026 the FDA proposed removing semaglutide, tirzepatide and liraglutide from the 503B bulks list, which would end large-scale compounding of these GLP-1 drugs. The proposal, the June 2026 comment deadline, and how it differs from the research-compound space.

    Scientists map 9 peptides for healthy aging: a 2026 peer-reviewed review

    A 2026 review in Frontiers in Aging maps nine therapeutic peptides onto the hallmarks of aging - from tirzepatide and Epitalon to GHK-Cu, BPC-157, TB-500, Semax, CJC-1295/Ipamorelin and PT-141 - separating FDA-approved agents from investigational compounds.

    Peptides and Stem Cells: how they work together in regenerative medicine research

    How peptides intersect with stem-cell and regenerative-medicine research - as signalling molecules, as self-assembling hydrogel scaffolds for 3D cell culture, and as growth factors such as IGF-1. What the peer-reviewed literature describes vs the longevity-clinic claims. Research use only.

    IGF-1 DES vs IGF-1 LR3: a research guide to the two modified IGF-1 analogues

    Des(1-3) IGF-1 vs Long R3 IGF-1 compared - structure, IGF-binding-protein affinity, half-life and potency, the recombinant-protein research context, and the WADA/USADA prohibited status with health-risk warnings. Research use only; not for human use.

    Peptide injections: what they are, what the 2026 research shows, and the safety questions

    FDA-approved injectable medicines vs unapproved research compounds, what the 2026 press wave (Guardian, AP, MIT Tech Review, AMA) actually reported, and whether peptide injections are safe. Research use only; not for human use; not medical advice.

    Ipamorelin vs Sermorelin: two routes to the same GH pulse

    Ipamorelin is a selective ghrelin-receptor (GHSR) agonist; sermorelin is a GHRH analogue acting upstream on the pituitary. Mechanism, GH-release shape, side-effect comparison, and why the two are co-studied as a complementary pair. Research use only.

    Hexarelin vs Ipamorelin: potency against selectivity

    Both are ghrelin-receptor (GHSR) agonists, but hexarelin is the more potent GH releaser with CD36 cardiac activity, while ipamorelin is the cleaner, selective option with slower desensitisation. Mechanism, side effects and desensitisation compared. Research use only.

    Tesamorelin vs Sermorelin: two GHRH analogues compared

    Both prompt the pituitary through the GHRH receptor, but tesamorelin is a stabilised, more potent molecule with dedicated visceral-fat research, while sermorelin is the shorter GHRH 1-29 fragment. Mechanism, potency and half-life compared. Research use only.

    What is bacteriostatic water? A research guide to BAC water

    What bacteriostatic water is, how BAC water differs from sterile water, how concentration works, label-led storage rules, and what researchers should verify — with links into the full BAC-water topic cluster. Research use only.

    Tirzepatide: a research guide to the dual GLP-1 / GIP agonist

    A 39-amino-acid dual agonist developed by Eli Lilly, approved as Mounjaro and Zepbound. Mechanism, half-life, the SURPASS and SURMOUNT trial data, the SURMOUNT-5 head-to-head against semaglutide, and the Tirzepatide research-compound posture.

    Semaglutide: a research guide to the GLP-1 single agonist

    The 31-amino-acid peptide behind Ozempic, Wegovy and Rybelsus. Mechanism, half-life, the STEP / SUSTAIN / SELECT evidence base, oral vs injectable formulation, and the Semaglutide research-compound posture.

    Retatrutide: a research guide to the triple GLP-1 / GIP / glucagon agonist

    Eli Lilly’s investigational triple agonist (LY3437943). Mechanism, the ~24% Phase 2 weight-reduction headline, the TRIUMPH Phase 3 programme, and the Retatrutide research-compound posture. Pairs with the UK sourcing guide.

    BPC-157: a research guide to the body protective compound

    The 15-amino-acid pentadecapeptide derived from a body protective compound first isolated in human gastric juice. Mechanism (angiogenesis, NO modulation, fibroblast migration), the pre-clinical evidence base, the human-trial gap, and the “Wolverine stack” framing with TB-500.

    Tesamorelin: a research guide to the GHRH analogue

    The only FDA-approved peptide for visceral fat reduction. A 44-amino-acid GHRH analogue with a trans-3-hexenoic acid N-terminal modification - mechanism, the NEJM Phase 3 visceral-adipose-tissue data, and how it differs mechanistically from CJC-1295 and sermorelin.

    CJC-1295 & ipamorelin: a research guide to the GHRH + GHRP pair

    The most-studied GHRH + GHRP research combination. CJC-1295 with DAC vs no-DAC explained, ipamorelin’s selective ghrelin-receptor mechanism, why the pairing has mechanistic logic rather than just marketing logic, and how the pair compares to tesamorelin and sermorelin.

    Amino acids vs peptides: the building-block relationship

    Amino acids are the monomers; peptides are short chains of them joined by peptide bonds. The plain-English hierarchy - amino acid → peptide → protein - and why sequence is a compound’s identity when reading peptide research.

    Is Ozempic a peptide? GLP-1 receptor agonists, explained

    Yes - semaglutide is a 31-amino-acid peptide and a GLP-1 receptor agonist. What GLP-1 actually is, how the class works, and why an approved medicine is a different category from a research reagent.

    Are peptides safe? What the research actually says

    “Safe” is not a property of peptides as a category. How safety is really assessed - purity, contamination, the Certificate of Analysis, and why “research use only” is a statement about evidence.

    Peptides for skin & collagen: what the research shows

    Signal peptides, copper peptides (GHK-Cu) and collagen peptides are three different things marketed as one. What the dermatology literature actually supports - in plain English.

    Are peptides steroids? The difference, explained

    No - amino-acid chains versus a cholesterol-derived ring system, with different receptors and signalling routes. Why the categories get confused, and the one-sentence way to tell them apart.

    Peptides & hair growth: what the research shows

    Which peptides actually have a hair-relevant research literature (GHK-Cu leads), and the crucial difference between “studied mechanism” and “proven outcome.”

    GHK-Cu (copper peptide) in plain English

    Why labs care about this tiny copper-bound peptide: skin matrix, gene-expression studies and wound models - explained step by step for non-specialists.

    MOTS-c: what “mitochondrial peptide” means

    A short signal from the cell’s energy factories - how researchers link it to exercise, metabolism and ageing models, without hype.

    Peptide benefits: what the research actually shows

    Accelerated tissue repair, fat loss without muscle wasting, skin remodelling, deep-sleep restoration, cognitive clarity - every claim traced back to peer-reviewed studies and mechanisms.

    What are peptides? The elite’s 15-year anti-aging secret

    Short chains of amino acids that signal the body to repair, regenerate and regulate. Why billionaires and A-list actors have been running them privately since 2010 - and why the rest of the world is finally catching up.

    Research use only. These articles summarise public literature and catalogue facts. They do not diagnose, treat, or prevent any disease, and are not medical advice.

    Browse the full catalogue

    PRECISION. PURITY. PERFORMANCE.

    Research peptides at >99% HPLC-verified purity, third-party tested by Janoshik Analytical & Freedom Diagnostics, with Certificates of Analysis published per released batch. Supplied strictly for laboratory research use.

    Shop

  • All research compounds
  • Price list
  • Where to buy peptides
  • Compare compounds
  • Compare vial sizes
  • Affiliate programme
  • Research

  • Peptide 101
  • Published COAs
  • Research areas
  • Research blog
  • How-to guides
  • Peptide guides
  • Research glossary
  • Support

  • Track your order
  • Contact us
  • Shipping & delivery
  • FAQ
  • Community forum
  • Customer reviews
  • Refund policy
  • Ways to Pay

  • Google Pay
  • Apple Pay
  • Venmo
  • PayPal
  • Cryptocurrency
  • Cash App
  • Card payments
  • Bank transfer (SEPA)
  • Paying with crypto
  • Live crypto prices
  • Shop by goal

  • Metabolic Signalling
  • GH-Axis Research
  • Muscle & IGF Research
  • Tissue and Cellular Models
  • Regenerative Research
  • Cellular Senescence Research
  • Cognitive Research
  • Multi-Compound Blends
  • Accessories
  • Shop by compound

  • BPC-157
  • TB-500
  • GHK-Cu
  • Tesamorelin
  • Semaglutide
  • CJC-1295 (without DAC)
  • Ipamorelin
  • MOTS-C
  • All compounds →
  • Shop by region

  • United Kingdom
  • Australia
  • Canada
  • Canada (FR)
  • Ireland
  • Malta
  • Germany
  • France
  • Spain
  • Italy
  • Netherlands
  • Portugal
  • Greece
  • Austria
  • Poland
  • Sweden
  • Finland
  • Denmark
  • Norway
  • Croatia
  • Slovakia
  • Slovenia
  • Estonia
  • Latvia
  • Lithuania
  • Czechia
  • Hungary
  • Romania
  • Bulgaria
  • Belgium
  • Belgium (FR)
  • Luxembourg
  • United States
  • Northern Ireland
  • Research use only (RUO). All products are sold strictly for laboratory and research purposes — not for human or veterinary consumption. Purchasers must be 21 or older.

    All rights reserved. Copyright of New-U held with Hilxera Distribution Services LLC 2026.

    Website & business operated by Hilxera Distribution Services LLC. Registered in Wyoming, ID: 2026-001928701.

    © 2026 New-U Research Compounds · new-u.io

    Research use only — not for human consumption. All products are supplied strictly for laboratory research purposes.

    © 2026 New-U Research Compounds · new-u.io — Copyright held with Hilxera Distribution Services LLC. All rights reserved.